Aplicación de un programa de conciencia fonológica en el desarrollo de alfabetización temprana en Educación Primaria

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.34236/w86nf648

Palabras clave:

Conciencia fonológica, Alfabetización temprana, Educación Primaria

Resumen

El objetivo de este estudio es determinar el efecto de la enseñanza de la conciencia fonológica en el desarrollo de las destrezas de alfabetización temprana (codificación fonológica, conciencia de la letra impresa y adquisición de vocabulario) de alumnos de primer curso de Educación Primaria. La investigación utilizó un diseño cuasi-experimental secuencial llevado a cabo con 43 alumnos divididos en un grupo experimental (22) y un grupo control (21) a los que se les administró una Prueba de Evaluación de Conciencia Fonológica (PECO), una Prueba de retención de pseudopalabras, un Test de procesamiento fonológico y de letra impresa y un Test Peabody de vocabulario, antes y después del procedimiento experimental. La aplicación de un programa específico de conciencia fonológica durante siete semanas a los alumnos del grupo experimental durante dio como resultado un impacto de alto nivel en el desarrollo de las habilidades de alfabetización temprana medidas previamente.

Biografía del autor/a

  • Juan Manuel Castro Carracedo, Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca

    Profesor titular de la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca. Doctor en Filología Inglesa y licenciado en Filología Hispánica con estudios de posgrado adicionales en lingüística, literatura española y comparada y enseñanza de idiomas en las universidades de Salamanca, Valladolid y SUNY Cortland (EE. UU.). Entre sus funciones anteriores se incluyen la enseñanza de lengua y literatura inglesas en la Universidad de Salamanca y de lengua y cultura españolas en SUNY Cortland y St. John's University (Nueva York). Actualmente dirige el curso de posgrado «Experto en Educación Bilingüe» para profesores de educación infantil, primaria y secundaria en la UPSA. Fue Vicedecano de la Facultad de Educación (2016-17) y Vicerrector de Internacionalización y Estudiantes (2019-2023). Autor de una monografía sobre la tipología del pensamiento apocalíptico en la literatura inglesa medieval y de numerosos artículos sobre lingüística, literatura y enseñanza de idiomas. Ha recibido una beca de investigación de seis años de la Comisión Nacional para la Evaluación de la Actividad Investigadora (CNEAI) y ha obtenido la calificación de Excelente en el Programa de Evaluación del Profesorado DOCENTIA de la Agencia para la Calidad del Sistema Universitario de Castilla y León (ACSUCYL).

Referencias

Adams, M.J. (1990). Beginning to read: Thinking and learning about print. Cambridge: MIT Press.

Ainsworth S., Welbourne S. & Hesketh A. (2016). Lexical restructuring in preliterate children: Evidence from novel measures of phonological representation. Applied Psycholinguistics. 37(4), 997–1023. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0142716415000338

Allor, J.H. (2002). The relationships of phonemic awareness and rapid naming to reading development. Learning Disability Quarterly, 25(1), 47-57.

Anthony, J.L. & Francis, D.J. (2005). Development of Phonological Awareness. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 14(5), 255–259. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0963-7214.2005.00376.x

Baumann, J. & Kame'enui, E. (eds.) (2004). Vocabulary instruction: Research to practice. New York: Guilford Press.

Beck, I.L. & McKeown, M.G. (2007). Increasing young low-income children’s oral vocabulary repertoires through rich and focused instruction. The Elementary School Journal, 107(3), 251-271. https://doi.org/10.1086/511706

Beltrán, J., López, C., y Rodríguez, E. (2006). Precursores tempranos de la lectura. En B. Gallardo, C. Hernández y M. Moreno (Eds.). Lingüística clínica y neuropsicología cognitiva. Actas del Primer Congreso Nacional de Lingüística Clínica. Vol. 2: Lingüística y evaluación del lenguaje (pp. 16-26). Valencia: Universitat.

Blachman, B., Tangel, D., Ball, E., Black, R. & McGraw, D. (1999). Developing phonological awareness and word recognition skills: A two-year intervention with low-income, inner-city children. Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 11(3), 239–273.

Blachman, B., Wynne, E., Black, R., & Tangel, D. (2000). Road to the code. A phonemic awareness program for young children. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.

Blake, C. (2017). Defining emergent literacy: Developing lifelong readers. Professional Resources. Nebraska: Concordia University

Burgess, S.R. & Lonigan, C.J. (1998). Bidirectional relations of phonological sensitivity and prereading abilities: Evidence from a preschool sample. Journal of experimental child psychology, 70(2), 117-141. https://doi.org/10.1006/jecp.1998.2450

Burrage, M.S., Ponitz, C.C., McCready, E.A., Shah, P., Sims, B.C., Jewkes, A.M. & Morrison, F.J. (2008). Age- and Schooling-Related Effects on Executive Functions in Young Children: A Natural Experiment. Child Neuropsychology, 14(6), 510–524. https://doi.org/10.1080/09297040701756917

Caravolas, M., Hulme, C. & Snowling, M.J. (2001). The foundations of

spelling ability: Evidence from a 3-year longitudinal study. Journal of Memory

and Language, 45(4), 751-774. https://doi.org/10.1006/jmla.2000.2785

Carroll, J.M., Snowling, M.J., Hulme, C. & Stevenson, J. (2003). The development of phonological awareness in preschool children. Developmental Psychology, 39(5), 913–923. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.39.5.913

Carroll, J.M., Bowyer-Crane C., Duff, F.J., Hulme, C., Margaret J. & Snowling, M.J. (2011). Theoretical framework: Foundations of learning to read. En D. Chesher (Ed.), Developing language and literacy effective intervention in the early years (pp. 1-16). John Wiley & Sons.

Chard, D.J. & Dickson, S.V. (1999). Phonological Awareness: Instructional and assessment guidelines. Intervention in School and Clinic, 34(5), 261–270.

Clay, M.M. (2000). Concepts about print. Singapore: Heinemann.

Cohen, L., Manion, L. & Morrison, K. (2011). Research methods in education (7th ed.). London: Routledge Falmer.

Connolly, P. (2007). Quantitative data analysis in education: A critical introduction using SPSS. London: Routledge.

Cubo Delgado, S., Martín Marín, B., García Ramos, J.L. (Coords.) (2011). Métodos de investigación y análisis de datos en ciencias sociales y de la salud. Madrid: Pirámide.

Defior, S. & Serrano, F. (2011). La conciencia fonémica, aliada de la adquisición lenguaje escrito. Revista de Logopedia, Foniatría y Audiología, 31(1), 2-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0214-4603(11)70165-6

Diuk, B. (2003). El proceso de aprendizaje de la lectura y la escritura en sectores urbanomarginados: Un estudio cognitivo [Tesis doctoral inédita]. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (Argentina).

Dunn, L.L., Dunn, L.M., & Arribas, D. (2006). PPVT-III, Peabody: Test de Vocabulario en Imágenes Peabody. Madrid: TEA.

Edmonds, M.S., Vaughn, S., Wexler, J., Reutebuch, C., Cable, A., Tackett, K.K., Schnakenberg, J.W. (2009). A synthesis of reading interventions and effects on reading comprehension outcomes for older struggling readers. Review of Educational Research, 79(1), 262-300. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654308325998

Ehri, L.C, Nunes, S.R., Stahl, S.A. & Willows, D.M. (2001). Systematic Phonics Instruction Helps Students Learn to Read: Evidence from the National Reading Panel’s Meta-Analysis. Review of Educational Research, 71(3), 393-44.

Elbro, C. & Peterson, D. (2004). Long-term effects of phoneme awareness and letter sound training: An intervention study with children at risk for dyslexia. Journal of Educational Psychology, 96(4), 660-670. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.96.4.660

Eldredge, J.L., Quinn, W. & Butterfield, D.D. (1990). Causal relationships between phonics, reading comprehension, and vocabulary achievement in second grade. The Journal of Educational Research, 83(4), 201-214. DOI:10.1080/00220671.1990.10885957

Flanigan, K. (2007). A concept of word in text: A pivotal event in early reading acquisition. Journal of Literacy Research, 39(1), 37-70. https://doi.org/10.1080/10862960709336757

Gathercole, S.E. (1995). Is nonword repetition a test of phonological memory or long-term knowledge? It all depends on the nonwords. Memory & Cognition, 23(1), 83-94.

Gillon, G.T. (2004). Phonological awareness: From research to practice. New York: Guilford Press.

Goodman, Y.M. (1986). Children coming to know literacy. En W.H. Teale & E. Sulzby (Eds.), Emergent literacy: Writing and reading (pp. 1-14). Norwood: Ablex Publishing Corporation.

Gozali-Lee, E. & Mueller, D. (2013). Early literacy: A review and analysis conducted for Generation Next. Saint Paul: Wilder Research.

Gutiérrez Fresneda, R. & Díez Mediavilla, A. (2018). Conciencia fonológica y desarrollo evolutivo de la escritura en las primeras edades. Educación XX1, 21(1), 395-415. doi: 10.5944/educXX1.13256

Hamilton, L.G., Hayiou-Thomas, M.E., Hulme, C. & Snowling, M.J. (2016). The home literacy environment as a predictor of the early literacy development of children at family-risk of dyslexia. Scientific Studies of Reading, 20(5), 401-419. doi: 10.1080/10888438.2016.1213266

Hulme, C., Bowyer-Crane, C., Carroll, J. M., Duff, F.J. & Snowling, M.J. (2012). The causal role of phoneme awareness and letter-sound knowledge in learning to read: Combining intervention studies with mediation analyses. Psychological Science, 23(6), 572-577. DOI: 10.1177/0956797611435921

Imbernón López, C. (2010). La alfabetización emergente en niños con necesidades específicas de comunicación. En Puentes para la comunicación interpersonal: sistemas aumentativos de comunicación en la escuela (pp. 55-68). Murcia: Consejería de Educación región de Murcia.

Johnston, R.S. & Watson, J. (2004). Accelerating the development of reading, spelling and phonemic awareness. Reading and Writing, 17(4), 327-357. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:READ.0000032666.66359.62

Jones, S. (2010). Statistics in Psychology. Explanations without Equations (10th ed.). London: Red Globe Press.

Justice, L.M. & Ezell, H.K. (2001). Word and print awareness in 4-year-old children. Child Language Teaching and Therapy, 17(3), 207-225. https://doi.org/10.1177/026565900101700303

J. Lloyd Eldredge, Bill Quinn, & Dennie D. Butterfield. (1990). Causal Relationships between

Phonics, Reading Comprehension, and Vocabulary Achievement in the Second Grade.

The Journal of Educational Research, 83(4), 201–214.

J. Lloyd Eldredge, Bill Quinn, & Dennie D. Butterfield. (1990). Causal Relationships between

Phonics, Reading Comprehension, and Vocabulary Achievement in the Second Grade.

The Journal of Educational Research, 83(4), 201–214.

J. Lloyd Eldredge, Bill Quinn, & Dennie D. Butterfield. (1990). Causal Relationships between

Phonics, Reading Comprehension, and Vocabulary Achievement in the Second Grade.

The Journal of Educational Research, 83(4), 201–214.

Lonigan, C.J., Burgess, S.R. & Anthony, J.L. (2000). Development of emergent literacy and early reading skills in preschool children: Evidence from a latent-variable longitudinal study. Developmental Psychology, 36(5), 596-613. doi: 10.1037/0012-1649.36.5.596

Lonigan, C.J., Farver, J.M. & Eppe, S. (2002). Preschool comprehensive test of phonological and print processing: Spanish version (P-CTOPPP-S). Tallahassee: Author.

Lonigan, C. J. (2007). Vocabulary development and the development of phonological awareness skills in preschool children. En R.W. Wagner, A.E. Muse & K.R. Tannenbaum (Eds.), Vocabulary acquisition: Implications for reading comprehension (pp. 15-31). New York: Guilford Press.

Lonigan, C.J., Schatschneider, C., Westberg, L. & the National Early Literacy Panel (2008). Impact of code-focused interventions on young children’s early literacy skills: Report of the National Early Literacy Panel. Louisville: ED Pubs.

Lonigan, C.J., Allan, N.P. & Lerner, M.D. (2011). Assessment of preschool early literacy skills: Linking children’s educational needs with empirically supported instructional activities. Psychology in the Schools, 48(5), 488-502. doi: 10.1002/pits.20569

Lundberg, I., Frost, J., & Petersen, O.P. (1988). The effects of an extensive program for stimulating phonological awareness in preschool children. Reading Research Quarterly, 23(3), 263-284.

Kleeck, A.V. (2008). Providing preschool foundations for later reading comprehension: The importance of and ideas for targeting inferencing in storybook-sharing interventions. Psychology in the Schools, 45(7), 627-643. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.20314

Metsala, J.L. & Walley, A.C. (1998). Spoken vocabulary growth and the segmental restructuring of lexical representations: Precursors to phonemic awareness and early reading ability. En J.L. Metsala & L.C. Ehri (Eds.), Word recognition in beginning literacy (pp. 89–120). Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.

Mol, S.E. & Bus, A.G. (2011). To read or not to read: a meta-analysis of print exposure from infancy to early adulthood. Psychological Bulletin, 137(2), 267-296. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021890

Nagy, W. (2002). Teaching vocabulary to improve reading comprehension. Newark: International Reading Association.

Nofuentes, J.A.R. & Porcel, M.C.O. (2014). Average kappa coefficient: a new measure to assess a binary test considering the losses associated with an erroneous classification. Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation, 85(8), 1601-1620. DOI:10.1080/00949655.2014.881816

O’Connor, R.E. & Jenkins, J.R. (1999). Prediction of reading disability in kindergarten and first grade. Scientific Studies of Reading, 3(2), 159-197. https://doi.org/10.1207/s1532799xssr0302_4

Pallant, J. (2016). SPSS survival manual (6th ed.). New York: McGraw Hill.

Phillips, B.M. & Morse, E.E. (2011). Family child care learning environments: Caregiver knowledge and practices related to early literacy and mathematics. Early Childhood Education Journal, 39(3), 213-222. DOI:10.1007/s10643-011-0456-y

Phillips, B.M., Clancy-Menchetti, J. & Lonigan, C.J. (2008). Successful phonological awareness instruction with preschool children: Lessons from the classroom. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 28(1), 3-17. https://doi.org/10.1177/0271121407313813

Pullen, P.C. & Justice, L.M. (2003). Enhancing phonological awareness, print awareness, and oral language skills in preschool children. Intervention in School and Clinic, 39(2), 87-98. https://doi.org/10.1177/10534512030390020401

Ramos Sánchez, J.L. & Cuadrado Gordillo, I. (2006). PECO. Prueba para la evaluación del conocimiento fonológico. Madrid: EOS.

Rathvon, N. (2004). Early reading assessment: A practitioner's handbook. New York: Guilford Press.

Scammacca, N., Roberts, G., Vaughn, S. & Stuebing, K.K. (2015). A meta-analysis of interventions for struggling readers in Grades 4-12: 1980-2011. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 48(4), 369-390. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022219413504995

Schuele, C.M., & Boudreau, D. (2008). Phonological awareness intervention: Beyond the basics. Language, Speech & Hearing Services in Schools, 39(1), 3–20. DOI:10.1044/0161-1461(2008/002)

Seymour, P., Aro, M., & Erskine, J. (2003). Foundation literacy acquisition in

European orthographies. British Journal of Psychology, 94(2), 143–174. DOI:10.1348/000712603321661859

Sim, S.S.H., Berthelsen, D., Walker, S., Nicholson, J.M. & Fielding-Barnsley, R. (2014). A shared reading intervention with parents to enhance young children’s early literacy skills. Early Child Development and Care, 184(11), 1531-1549. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2013.862532

Storch, S.A. & Whitehurst, G.J. (2002). Oral language and code-related precursors to reading: Evidence from a longitudinal structural model. Developmental Psychology, 38(6), 934-947. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.38.6.934

Temple, J.D. & Snow, C.E. (2003). Learning words from books. En A. van Kleeck, S. Stahl & E. Bauer (Eds.), On Reading books to children: Parents and teachers (pp. 16-38). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Torgesen, J.K. y Mathes, P.G. (2000). A basic guide to understanding, assessing, and teaching phonological awareness. Austin: Pro Ed.

Torgerson, C., Brooks, G. & Hall, J. (2006). A systematic review of the research literature on the use of phonics in the teaching of reading and spelling. London: U.K. Department for Education and Skills.

Vander Stappen, C., & Van Reybroeck, M. (2018). Phonological awareness and rapid automatized naming are independent phonological competencies with specific impacts on word reading and spelling: An intervention study. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, Article 320. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00320

Voress, J.K. & Maddox, T. (2006). Developmental Assessment of Young Children (DAYC). Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.

Whitehurst, G.J. & Lonigan, C.J. (1998). Child development and emergent literacy. Child Development, 69(3), 848-872. https://doi.org/10.2307/1132208

Whitehurst, G.J. & Lonigan, C.L. (2001). Emergent Literacy: Development from prereaders to readers. En S.B. Newman and D.K Dickinson (Eds.), Handbook of early literacy research (pp. 11-29). New York: Guilford Press.

Descargas

Publicado

07-09-2026

Número

Sección

Artículos

Cómo citar

Aplicación de un programa de conciencia fonológica en el desarrollo de alfabetización temprana en Educación Primaria. (2026). Revista Peruana de Investigación Educativa, 18(24). https://doi.org/10.34236/w86nf648