Globalización, ciudadanía y educación: Auge y expansión de los marcos de referencia cosmopolitas, multiculturales y de empoderamiento individual
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34236/rpie.v1i1.7Palabras clave:
Globalización, Multiculturalismo, Construcción de la nación, Educación ciudadana, Enseñanza de las ciencias socialesResumen
Desde la Segunda Guerra Mundial, la globalización cultural, política y económica ha socavado un primer modelo educacional que solo enfatiza el estado de la nación y la ciudadanía nacional. Más aún, el estudiante debe ser preparado cada vez más para funcionar como titular de derechos y persona responsable en una sociedad global, que se relaciona con otras personas sin reparar en la ciudadanía nacional. Esta sociedad global es considerada cada vez más como legítimamente muy diversa y con un carácter multicultural. Y la diversidad en la sociedad nacional es reconocida hoy como legítima y central. A nivel individual, los estudiantes deben aprender a expresar y respetar todo tipo de valores y materiales culturales únicos.
En este artículo planteamos preguntas en torno a dos cambios centrales. La primera atañe al grado en que los currículos nacionales en ciencias sociales avanzan en la dirección general de la globalización y el multiculturalismo, como corriente opuesta a la conservación de posturas más orientadas a lo nacional. Segundo, analizamos las maneras en que los currículos nacionales resuelven las tensiones entre la construcción de la nación y su ciudadanía y la preparación de los estudiantes como individuos que participan en una sociedad nacional y global diversa.
Proponemos futuros análisis para codificar y analizar los libros de texto de ciencias sociales en unos sesenta países a lo largo de los últimos cincuenta años. Estos estudios darán indicios de tendencias a nivel mundial, regional y nacional en textos. Examinarán factores nacionales y transnacionales que influencian la probabilidad de aumento de los marcos de empoderamiento cosmopolitas, multiculturales e individuales. Se analizará además las maneras en que los currículos de Estudios Sociales procuran resolver las tensiones entre la unidad nacional y la diversidad legítima supranacional y subnacional.
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Derechos de autor 2009 Francisco O. Ramírez, John W. Meyer, Christine Min Wotipka
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
